上一集當中我們完成了Lucene基本操作中的Create與Read，這一集會將CRUD中的Update與Delete的操作方法告訴你，並且本集會著重於講解關於"Norms"與權重(Boost)在Lucene中的運作概念。

首先我們建立一個.Net 6的主控台應用程式
   

建立好後於右側專案右鍵選擇"管理Nuget套件"，並選擇"瀏覽">於搜索列中搜尋"Lucene">安裝3.0.3最新穩定版 與 "System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager"

 
 安裝好後就可以於專案內使用Lucene套件囉!
再來依照上一篇的教學建立一套簡單的Lucene查詢

using Lucene.Net.Analysis.Standard;

using Lucene.Net.Documents;

using Lucene.Net.Index;

using Lucene.Net.QueryParsers;

using Lucene.Net.Search;

using Lucene.Net.Store;



var _dir = new DirectoryInfo("LuceneDocument");

if (!File.Exists(_dir.FullName))

{

    System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(_dir.FullName);

}

var analyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(Lucene.Net.Util.Version.LUCENE_CURRENT);

CreateIndex(GetProductsInformation(), _dir, analyzer);



while (true)

{

    Console.Write("請輸入欲查詢字串 :");

    var searchValue = Console.ReadLine();

    Search(searchValue, _dir, analyzer);

}



void CreateIndex(List<Product> information, DirectoryInfo dir, StandardAnalyzer analyzer)

{

    using (var directory = FSDirectory.Open(dir))

    {

        using (var indexWriter = new IndexWriter(directory, analyzer, true, IndexWriter.MaxFieldLength.LIMITED))

        {

            foreach (var index in information)

            {

                var document = new Document();

                document.Add(new Field("Id", index.Id.ToString(), Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NO));

                document.Add(new Field("Name", index.Name, Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.ANALYZED));

                document.Add(new Field("Description", index.Description, Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.ANALYZED));

                indexWriter.AddDocument(document);

            }

            indexWriter.Optimize();

            indexWriter.Commit();

        }

    }

}

void Search(string searchValue, DirectoryInfo dir, StandardAnalyzer analyzer)

{

    using (var directory = FSDirectory.Open(_dir))

    {

        var parser = new QueryParser(Lucene.Net.Util.Version.LUCENE_CURRENT, "Description", analyzer).Parse(searchValue);

        using (var indexSearcher = new IndexSearcher(directory))

        {

            var queryLimit = 20;

            var hits = indexSearcher.Search(parser, queryLimit);

            if (!hits.ScoreDocs.Any())

            {

                Console.WriteLine("查無相關結果。");

                return;

            }

            Document doc;

            foreach (var hit in hits.ScoreDocs)

            {

                doc = indexSearcher.Doc(hit.Doc);

                Console.WriteLine("Score :" + hit.Score + ", Id :" + doc.Get("Id") + ", Name :" + doc.Get("Name") + ", Description :" + doc.Get("Description"));

            }

        }

    }

}



List<Product> GetProductsInformation()

{

    return new List<Product> {

            new Product{ Id = 1, Name = "蘋果", Description = "一天一蘋果，醫生遠離我。"},

            new Product{ Id = 2, Name = "橘子", Description = "醫生給娜美最珍貴的寶藏。"},

            new Product{ Id = 3, Name = "梨子", Description = "我是梨子，比蘋果好吃多囉!"},

            new Product{ Id = 4, Name = "葡萄", Description = "吃葡萄不吐葡萄皮，不吃葡萄倒吐葡萄皮"},

            new Product{ Id = 5, Name = "榴槤", Description = "水果界的珍寶!好吃一直吃。"}

        };

}

class Product

{

    public long Id { get; set; }

    public string Name { get; set; } = null!;

    public string Description { get; set; } = null!;

}

好囉! 接下來我們要如何更新索引呢?
更新其實就是將存在的索引刪除並重新建立Document，不存在的則直接新增。
首先準備一組資料準備更新

List<Product> GetUpdateProductsInformation()

{

    return new List<Product>

    {

        new Product{ Id = 6, Name = "香蕉", Description = "運動完後吃根香蕉補充養分。"},

        new Product{ Id = 2, Name = "橘子", Description = "橘子跟柳丁你分得出來嗎?"}

    };

}

*欲更新的Document必須與創建所引時使用的Document欄位相同*

void Update(string key, List<Product> information, DirectoryInfo dir, StandardAnalyzer analyzer)

{

    using( var directory = FSDirectory.Open(dir))

    {

        using(var indexWriter = new IndexWriter(directory, analyzer, false, IndexWriter.MaxFieldLength.LIMITED))

        {

            foreach (var index in information)

            {

                var document = new Document();

                document.Add(new Field("Id", index.Id.ToString(), Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NO));

                document.Add(new Field("Name", index.Name, Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.ANALYZED));

                document.Add(new Field("Description", index.Description, Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.ANALYZED));

                indexWriter.UpdateDocument(new Term("Name", key) ,document);

            }

        }

    }

}

來測試看看
   
可以看見 Name = 橘子 的索引已經改為我們新準備的資料囉。
再來是刪除!
與更新非常相似，只需要使用deleteDocument()就可以了。

void Delete(string key, DirectoryInfo dir, StandardAnalyzer analyzer)

{

    using (var directory = FSDirectory.Open(dir))

    {

        using (var indexWriter = new IndexWriter(directory, analyzer, false, IndexWriter.MaxFieldLength.LIMITED))

        {

            indexWriter.DeleteDocuments(new Term("Name", key));

            indexWriter.Optimize();

            indexWriter.Commit();

        }

    }

}

再來看看輸出結果
 可以發現 Score :0.7554128, Id :2, Name :橘子, Description :醫生給娜美最珍貴的寶藏。這筆索引已經被移除囉!
  
可以發現筆者於更新或刪除時都是輸入單一字來做異動，除了表達可以對索引做複合更動外，
是因為更新與刪除索引同樣會使用到分詞器(analyzer)，
*所輸入的索引值非ID等數值時必須要配合分詞器的分詞能力*才能取得所想異動的索引喔!


Boost是什麼呢?
Boost 分為 :
1. Index Time Boost : 在建立索引時就計算好的值。例如上一篇中提到的(NORMS)
2. Query Time Boost : 查詢時賦與搜尋條件不同的值以影響結果。
我們先來測試Index Time Boost的部分

void CreateIndexWithBoost(List<Product> information, DirectoryInfo dir, StandardAnalyzer analyzer)

{

    using (var directory = FSDirectory.Open(dir))

    {

        using (var indexWriter = new IndexWriter(directory, analyzer, true, IndexWriter.MaxFieldLength.LIMITED))

        {

            foreach (var index in information)

            {

                var document = new Document();

                document.Add(new Field("Id", index.Id.ToString(), Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NO));

                document.Add(new Field("Name", index.Name, Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.ANALYZED));

                document.Add(new Field("Description", index.Description, Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.ANALYZED));

                document.GetField("Name").Boost = 1.5F;

                document.GetField("Description").Boost = 0.5F;



                indexWriter.AddDocument(document);

            }

            indexWriter.Optimize();

            indexWriter.Commit();

        }

    }

}

並記得重新CreateIndex才能刷新欄位的權重值喔。


很明顯的搜尋出來的Score分數變動了! 但是有沒有發現明明Name欄位的Boost改成了1.5，蘋果的數值卻仍然只有一半呢?
這是因為我們的Search中所參照的欄位為Description，所以在計算Score的時候其實是完全沒有參與的喔!
另外要記得，使用Index Time Boost的時候，欲給予銓重分配的欄位Field.Index不能使用NO_NORMS，不然這個欄位並不會紀錄權重的資料。

再來我們試試看Query Time Boost

void SearchWithBoost(string searchValue, DirectoryInfo dir, StandardAnalyzer analyzer)

{

    using (var directory = FSDirectory.Open(_dir))

    {

        using (var indexSearcher = new IndexSearcher(directory))

        {

            var query = new QueryParser(Lucene.Net.Util.Version.LUCENE_CURRENT, "Name", analyzer).Parse(searchValue);

            var query2 = new QueryParser(Lucene.Net.Util.Version.LUCENE_CURRENT, "Description", analyzer).Parse(searchValue);



            query.Boost = 2.0F;

            query2.Boost = 0.5F;



            BooleanQuery booleanQuery = new BooleanQuery();

            booleanQuery.Add(query, Occur.SHOULD);

            booleanQuery.Add(query2, Occur.SHOULD);



            var hits = indexSearcher.Search(booleanQuery, 20);

            if (!hits.ScoreDocs.Any())

            {

                Console.WriteLine("查無相關結果。");

                return;

            }

            Document doc;

            foreach (var hit in hits.ScoreDocs)

            {

                doc = indexSearcher.Doc(hit.Doc);

                Console.WriteLine("Score :" + hit.Score + ", Id :" + doc.Get("Id") + ", Name :" + doc.Get("Name") + ", Description :" + doc.Get("Description"));

            }

        }

    }

}

這次我們搜尋兩個欄位"Name"與"Description"，並使用 BooleanQuery來將其組合。
BooleanQuery中的 Occur有三種參數 : "MUST","MUST_NOT","SHOULD"，功能與字面上的意思一樣為"必須要有","必須沒有"與"有無都包含"。

 
查詢出來的分數就不一樣囉!

以上就是這一次的分享，Lucene是一款容易入門但是要實際上戰場卻又十分複雜的功能，想要達成真正高效能的全文檢索，在前期的文件規畫配置與資料的權重配比都是一個巨大的挑戰。未來會繼續分享關於Lucene的其他有趣功能，還請繼續期待呦!
另外也可以到GitHub下載我的範例來參考呦!
GitHub: https://github.com/g13579112000/Lucene

參考文件:
1. 黑暗大大的全文檢索筆記 : https://blog.darkthread.net/blog/lucene-net-notes-1/
2. Makble : http://makble.com/lucene-field-boost-example
3. CSDN Jack2013tong 文章 : https://blog.csdn.net/huwei2003/article/details/53408388