1. 安裝 Failover-Clustering

Install-WindowsFeature Failover-Clustering –IncludeManagementTools

2. 建立 Cluster 用的帳號, 並加入管理員群組 (記得要換密碼

net user /add clustadm Sup33P@ssw0Rd!

net localgroup administrators clustadm /add

參考以下四篇文章, 有些地方可能要改一下, 有空來做一份中文版的.


https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/4951/deploy-a-windows-server-2016-failover-cluster-without-active-directory-part-1/
https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/4962/deploy-a-windows-server-2016-failover-cluster-without-active-directory--part-2/

https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/4991/implement-a-sql-server-2016-availability-group-without-active-directory-part-1/
https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/4996/implement-a-sql-server-2016-availability-group-without-active-directory-part-2/


這個也可以參考, 有很多指令碼, 可以省不少時間:

http://woshub.com/workgroup-failover-cluster-windows-server-2016/

如下, 要記得修改 database_name, userOLD, userNEW 三個參數

CREATE TABLE #Command

    (

    Id int NOT NULL IDENTITY (1, 1),

    command nvarchar(MAX) NOT NULL

    )  ON [PRIMARY]

     TEXTIMAGE_ON [PRIMARY]

GO



USE database_name  -- Use the database from which you want to extract the permissions

GO



SET NOCOUNT ON



DECLARE @OldUser sysname, @NewUser sysname



SET @OldUser = 'userOLD' --The user or role from which to copy the permissions from

SET @NewUser = 'userNEW' --The user or role to which to copy the permissions to



insert into #Command(command)

Select convert(nvarchar(max), '--Database Context')



insert into #Command(command)

SELECT 'USE' + SPACE(1) + QUOTENAME(DB_NAME())



insert into #Command(command)

SELECT '--Cloning permissions from' + SPACE(1) + QUOTENAME(@OldUser) + SPACE(1) + 'to' + SPACE(1) + QUOTENAME(@NewUser)



insert into #Command(command)

SELECT 'EXEC sp_addrolemember @rolename ='

    + SPACE(1) + QUOTENAME(USER_NAME(rm.role_principal_id), '''') + ', @membername =' + SPACE(1) + QUOTENAME(@NewUser, '''') AS '--Role Memberships'

FROM    sys.database_role_members AS rm

WHERE USER_NAME(rm.member_principal_id) = @OldUser

ORDER BY rm.role_principal_id ASC



insert into #Command(command)

SELECT CASE WHEN perm.state <> 'W' THEN perm.state_desc ELSE 'GRANT' END

    + SPACE(1) + perm.permission_name + SPACE(1) + 'ON ' + QUOTENAME(USER_NAME(obj.schema_id)) + '.' + QUOTENAME(obj.name)

    + CASE WHEN cl.column_id IS NULL THEN SPACE(0) ELSE '(' + QUOTENAME(cl.name) + ')' END

    + SPACE(1) + 'TO' + SPACE(1) + QUOTENAME(@NewUser) COLLATE database_default

    + CASE WHEN perm.state <> 'W' THEN SPACE(0) ELSE SPACE(1) + 'WITH GRANT OPTION' END AS '--Object Level Permissions'

FROM    sys.database_permissions AS perm

    INNER JOIN

    sys.objects AS obj

    ON perm.major_id = obj.[object_id]

    INNER JOIN

    sys.database_principals AS usr

    ON perm.grantee_principal_id = usr.principal_id

    LEFT JOIN

    sys.columns AS cl

    ON cl.column_id = perm.minor_id AND cl.[object_id] = perm.major_id

WHERE usr.name = @OldUser

ORDER BY perm.permission_name ASC, perm.state_desc ASC



insert into #Command(command)

SELECT CASE WHEN perm.state <> 'W' THEN perm.state_desc ELSE 'GRANT' END

    + SPACE(1) + perm.permission_name + SPACE(1)

    + SPACE(1) + 'TO' + SPACE(1) + QUOTENAME(@NewUser) COLLATE database_default

    + CASE WHEN perm.state <> 'W' THEN SPACE(0) ELSE SPACE(1) + 'WITH GRANT OPTION' END AS '--Database Level Permissions'

FROM    sys.database_permissions AS perm

    INNER JOIN

    sys.database_principals AS usr

    ON perm.grantee_principal_id = usr.principal_id

WHERE usr.name = @OldUser

AND perm.major_id = 0

ORDER BY perm.permission_name ASC, perm.state_desc ASC



Select command from #Command order by Id

drop table #Command

--抓所有的 Table
Select * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES

--抓所有的 COLUMNS
Select * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS


--抓欄位的 Description
select 
    st.name [Table],
    sc.name [Column],
    sep.value [Description]
from sys.tables st
inner join sys.columns sc on st.object_id = sc.object_id
left join sys.extended_properties sep on st.object_id = sep.major_id
                                        and sc.column_id = sep.minor_id
                                        and sep.name = 'MS_Description'
where st.name = 'TableName'
and sc.name = 'ColumnName'

--修改欄位的 Description.
EXEC sp_updateextendedproperty 
@name = N'MS_Description', @value = 'Your description',
@level0type = N'Schema', @level0name = 'dbo', 
@level1type = N'Table',  @level1name = 'TableName', 
@level2type = N'Column', @level2name = 'Name';


EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 
@name = N'MS_Description', @value = 'Code description',
@level0type = N'Schema', @level0name = 'dbo', 
@level1type = N'Table',  @level1name = 'TableName', 
@level2type = N'Column', @level2name = 'ColumnName';



--新增 Table 的 extendedproperty
EXEC sp_addextendedproperty 
@name = N'Description', @value = 'Hey, here is TableName description!',
@level0type = N'Schema', @level0name = 'dbo',
@level1type = N'Table',  @level1name = 'TableName'
GO

--修改 Table 的 extendedproperty
EXEC sp_updateextendedproperty 
@name = N'Description', @value = 'Hey, here is my description! 123',
@level0type = N'Schema', @level0name = 'dbo',
@level1type = N'Table',  @level1name = 'TableName'
GO


--讀取 Extended Property
SELECT sys.objects.name AS TableName, ep.name AS PropertyName,
       ep.value AS Description
FROM sys.objects
CROSS APPLY fn_listextendedproperty(default,
                                    'SCHEMA', schema_name(schema_id),
                                    'TABLE', name, null, null) ep
WHERE sys.objects.name NOT IN ('sysdiagrams')
ORDER BY sys.objects.name

--讀取 Column 的 Description
SELECT objtype, objname, name, value  
FROM fn_listextendedproperty (NULL, 'schema', 'dbo', 'table', 'TableName', 'column', default);  
GO

--讀取特定 Table 的 Description
SELECT *  
FROM fn_listextendedproperty (NULL, 'schema', 'dbo', 'table', 'TableName', default, default);  
GO  

--讀取 所有 Table 的 Description
SELECT *  
FROM fn_listextendedproperty (NULL, 'schema', 'dbo', 'table', default, default, default);  
GO  


--新增或修改資料表說明
IF not exists(SELECT * FROM ::fn_listextendedproperty (NULL, 'user', 'dbo', 'table', '資料表名稱', NULL, NULL))  
           BEGIN  
            exec sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', '資料表說明', 'user', 'dbo', 'table', '資料表名稱' 
           END  
ELSE 
           BEGIN  
            exec sp_updateextendedproperty 'MS_Description', '資料表說明', 'user', 'dbo', 'table', '資料表名稱' 
           END

--新增或修改欄位說明
IF not exists(SELECT * FROM ::fn_listextendedproperty (NULL, 'user', 'dbo', 'table', '資料表名稱', 'column', '欄位名稱')) 
           BEGIN  
            exec sp_addextendedproperty 'MS_Description', '欄位說明', 'user', 'dbo', 'table', '資料表名稱', 'column', '欄位名稱' 
           END  
ELSE 
           BEGIN  
            exec sp_updateextendedproperty 'MS_Description', '欄位說明', 'user', 'dbo', 'table', '資料表名稱', 'column', '欄位名稱' 
           END

在 SQL 2008 可以用以下的 SQL

DECLARE @DBName VARCHAR(64) = 'CHIComp01'

 

DECLARE @ErrorLog AS TABLE([LogDate] CHAR(24), [ProcessInfo] VARCHAR(64), [TEXT] VARCHAR(MAX))

 

INSERT INTO @ErrorLog

EXEC sys.xp_readerrorlog 0, 1, 'Recovery of database', @DBName

 

SELECT TOP 5

     [LogDate]

    ,SUBSTRING([TEXT], CHARINDEX(') is ', [TEXT]) + 4,CHARINDEX(' complete (', [TEXT]) - CHARINDEX(') is ', [TEXT]) - 4) AS PercentComplete

    ,CAST(SUBSTRING([TEXT], CHARINDEX('approximately', [TEXT]) + 13,CHARINDEX(' seconds remain', [TEXT]) - CHARINDEX('approximately', [TEXT]) - 13) AS FLOAT)/60.0 AS MinutesRemaining

    ,CAST(SUBSTRING([TEXT], CHARINDEX('approximately', [TEXT]) + 13,CHARINDEX(' seconds remain', [TEXT]) - CHARINDEX('approximately', [TEXT]) - 13) AS FLOAT)/60.0/60.0 AS HoursRemaining

    ,[TEXT]

 

FROM @ErrorLog ORDER BY [LogDate] DESC

在 SQL 2012 可以用以下的 SQL:

DECLARE @DBName VARCHAR(64) = 'databasename'



DECLARE @ErrorLog AS TABLE([LogDate] CHAR(24), [ProcessInfo] VARCHAR(64), [TEXT] VARCHAR(MAX))



INSERT INTO @ErrorLog

EXEC master..sp_readerrorlog 0, 1, 'Recovery of database', @DBName



SELECT TOP 5

[LogDate]

,SUBSTRING([TEXT], CHARINDEX(') is ', [TEXT]) + 4,CHARINDEX(' complete (', [TEXT]) - CHARINDEX(') is ', [TEXT]) - 4) AS PercentComplete

,CAST(SUBSTRING([TEXT], CHARINDEX('approximately', [TEXT]) + 13,CHARINDEX(' seconds remain', [TEXT]) - CHARINDEX('approximately', [TEXT]) - 13) AS FLOAT)/60.0 AS MinutesRemaining

,CAST(SUBSTRING([TEXT], CHARINDEX('approximately', [TEXT]) + 13,CHARINDEX(' seconds remain', [TEXT]) - CHARINDEX('approximately', [TEXT]) - 13) AS FLOAT)/60.0/60.0 AS HoursRemaining

,[TEXT]



FROM @ErrorLog ORDER BY [LogDate] DESC

結果如下:
 


資料來源:
http://timlaqua.com/2009/09/determining-how-long-a-database-will-be-in-recovery-sql-server-2008/
 

想要讓特定 user 可以備份某個 DB ，但又不想把該 user 加入 sysadmin 時，可以用的。

use DBName
GRANT BACKUP DATABASE TO uasername

接下來該使用者的帳戶就可以執行
​
BACKUP DATABASE XXX TO DISK = 'D:\SQLBackup\XXXXX.bak'

1. ＂有疑問＂的 資料庫的修復:

ALTER DATABASE MyDB SET EMERGENCY;
DBCC checkdb('MyDB');
ALTER DATABASE MyDB SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE;
DBCC CheckDB ('MyDB', REPAIR_ALLOW_DATA_LOSS);
ALTER DATABASE MyDB SET MULTI_USER;

其中 "DBCC CheckDB ('MyDB', REPAIR_ALLOW_DATA_LOSS)" 可能要多執行幾次。

2. Restore Differential Backup 用的 SQL:
​
RESTORE DATABASE [MyDB] FROM  DISK = N'D:\BACKUP_DB\MyDB_backup.bak' WITH  FILE = 1,  NORECOVERY,  NOUNLOAD,  REPLACE,  STATS = 10,
MOVE 'MyDB_Data' TO 'D:\SQLDB2008\MyDB.mdf', 
MOVE 'MyDB_Log' TO 'D:\SQLDB2008\MyDB.ldf'

RESTORE DATABASE [MyDB] FROM  DISK = N'D:\BACKUP_DIFF\MyDB_backup_2013_02_25_12.bak' WITH  FILE = 1,  NOUNLOAD, NORECOVERY,  STATS = 10

RESTORE DATABASE [MyDB] WITH RECOVERY (正在還原的資料庫也可以用這個指令來恢復成可使用的狀態)

使用 Left Join 似乎可以減少 DB  的 Loading, 有空再來試一下。

declare @spid int,@bl int

DECLARE s_cur CURSOR FOR

select 0 ,blocked

from (select * from sysprocesses where blocked>0 ) a

where not exists(select * from (select * from sysprocesses where blocked>0 ) b

where a.blocked=spid)

union select spid,blocked from sysprocesses where blocked>0

OPEN s_cur

FETCH NEXT FROM s_cur INTO @spid,@bl

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0

begin

if @spid =0

select N'引起數據庫死鎖的是:

'+ CAST(@bl AS VARCHAR(10)) + N'進程號,其執行的SQL語法如下'

else

select N'進程號SPID：'+ CAST(@spid AS VARCHAR(10))+ N'被進程號SPID：'+ CAST(@bl AS VARCHAR(10)) +N'阻塞,其當前進程執行的SQL語法如下'

DBCC INPUTBUFFER (@bl )

FETCH NEXT FROM s_cur INTO @spid,@bl

end

CLOSE s_cur

DEALLOCATE s_cur

刪除 procedure
Kill XXX

在 Select 指令後, 依據結果做一些工作, 即使有 Transaction, 但還是有可能發生一致性的問題:

Ex:

        Dim Conn As SqlConnection = UW.SQL.GetOpenedConnection

        Dim Tran As SqlTransaction = Conn.BeginTransaction

        Try

            Dim C As Int32 = UW.SQL.GetSingleValue("Select Counter From TableA Where Id = 1", Tran)

            C = C + 1

            UW.SQL.executeSQL("Update TableA Set Counter = " & C & " Where  Id = 1", Tran)

            Tran.Commit()

        Catch ex As Exception

            Tran.Rollback()

            UW.WU.DebugWriteLine(ex.ToString, True, True)

        Finally

            If Conn.State <> ConnectionState.Closed Then

                Conn.Close()

            End If

        End Try

以上的程式由兩個 Session 同時執行時, 並不能保証 Counter 會被加 2

若是要保証兩個 Session 都會把 Counter 加一(總共加 2), 要把以下這一行

Dim C As Int32 = UW.SQL.GetSingleValue("Select Counter From TableA Where Id = 1", Tran)

改為

Dim C As Int32 = UW.SQL.GetSingleValue("Select Counter From TableA With(XLock) Where Id = 1", Tran)

語法:

USE AdventureWorks;

GO

CREATE INDEX IX_Address_PostalCode      

ON Person.Address (PostalCode)      

INCLUDE (AddressLine1, AddressLine2, City, StateProvinceID);

在建立索引時, 可以加入非鍵值欄位, 可以加速讀取速度, 避開索引大小限制, 可惜 SQL 2008 沒有 UI 介面可以使用, 但 SQL 2012 好像就有 UI 可以用了.

參考資料:  Create Indexes with Included Columns http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190806.aspx